Monthly Archives: November 2014

View 851 Monday, November 17, 2014

“Transparency and the rule of law will be the touchstones of this presidency.”

President Barack Obama, January 31, 2009

If a foreign government had imposed this system of education on the United States, we would rightfully consider it an act of war.

Glenn T. Seaborg, National Commission on Education, 1983

I have been working on fiction.  I paid the bills and deposited checks, and I have just a little more in the bank this month than I did last month.  As Mister Micawber tells David Copperfield:

"My other piece of advice, Copperfield," said Mr. Micawber, "you know. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen nineteen and six, result happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty pounds ought and six, result misery. The blossom is blighted, the leaf is withered, the god of day goes down upon the dreary scene, and — and in short you are for ever floored. As I am!"

Fortunately I am not floored, even though I have slowed down a lot.  Authors don’t get pensions, but backlist sales are pretty good thanks to the eBook revolution, and I add to the list as I can.  The Sixth Grade Reader has a small but steady monthly sale as parents realize its value to children from fourth to tenth grade, and Starswarm does well with young adults. And thanks to the subscription drive this place brings in an income. My thanks to all of you.

I need to do a more complete coverage of the alternatives and possible disasters in the Middle East.  So far the potential for disaster grows as the President is unable to choose feasible goals and move toward achieving them.  “Get out and adopt John Quincy Adams foreign policy

Whenever the standard of freedom and Independence has been or shall be unfurled, there will her heart, her benedictions and her prayers be. But she goes not abroad, in search of monsters to destroy. She is the well-wisher to the freedom and independence of all. She is the champion and vindicator only of her own.

She well knows that by once enlisting under other banners than her own, were they even the banners of foreign independence, she would involve herself beyond the power of extrication, in all the wars of interest and intrigue, of individual avarice, envy, and ambition, which assume the colors and usurp the standard of freedom.

Fourth of July, 1821

Would not be optimum, but at least it is a goal; it is probably what the President really wants, but there is too much pressure from others to allow him to achieve it. But without a discussion of goals that include that one, and choosing an objective and sticking to it, we face increasing possibilities of disaster.

Some preliminary thoughts:

The Caliphate has beheaded another American, in public, in an attempt to provoke blind retaliation. They invite retaliation. We have the means to do it without taking significant numbers of casualties. They want us to come break things and kill people. Every bomb that falls out of the sky killing people below has an effect.

What might they be thinking?

Suppose you were a young Sunni Moslem whose family has lived in Mesopotamia since a wandering herder named Abraham left for the West.

Might you think like this?

“Who are these Americans and what do they want? They came in and removed Saddam, who was a tyrant, but he was not intolerant of Sunni, even though his war was with Shia Iran. Iran fought like barbarians against us. We fought back. My grandfather was killed in that war, fighting with ancient weapons. We were triumphing, when the Americans intervened the first time. Then someone we do not know killed several thousand Americans and brought down their tallest buildings. Sunni men, willing to die for the Prophet, PBUH. America for no reason blamed us.

America came in with bombs and tanks and overwhelming force. They beheaded Saddam. They killed 100,000 of us, most Sunni, then set up a government of Shiites who proceeded to burn our mosques, turn our people out of office, destroy our economy, and drive Sunni into the desert as Shia took over their homes and lands. The Americans armed the Shia, trained their soldiers, and fought on their side – and then left, leaving all those weapons with the Shia.

Whereupon the Caliphate came in and invited us to join them. They came and fought like men. The Shia ran away abandoning all those weapons left by the United States. The Caliph has those weapons now, and we are invited to join his forces, may Allah grant him wisdom. The Caliphate is recognized as a government by Sweden. The Caliph tells us that he is restoring the law of the Prophet, PBUH.

What do these Americans want? They do not tell us. Why do they bomb us? We do not know. Then send spies, and drones with bombs and rockets. What do they want, and why should we prefer it to the Law of the Prophet?”

I have long felt that our nasty national habit of interfering in everybody else’s business, whether or not we were invited to or even know what’s going on, is going to reap us a doubly-nasty payback. It’s like getting stuck in in someone else’s domestic dispute—all too often, the quarreling sides hate the interferer, even when the interferer is taking their own part against their opponent.

We got into this habit during the Cold War, and it’s time we stopped. ISIS is none of our business. It’s hard luck on the religious minorities in that part of the world, but it so happens that conformity to the majority sect is part-and-parcel of patriotism there, just as speaking the national language was during the upsurge of nationalism in Europe between 1848 and 1945. And no amount of revenge will revive the dead of 9-11 or rebuild the Towers, so why keep throwing American lives and money away to no purpose?

Eric Oppen

I was opposed to the first invasion of Iraq in the Kuwaiti incident, and even more so to the conquest of Baghdad; but once we had done that, totally interfering with the correlation of forces in the Middle East, it was incumbent on us to do something useful.  The problem was that we hadn’t had any notion of what to do before we went in, and we never came up with an objective beyond wringing Saddam Hussein’s neck.  Actually we pulled his head off.  But with him gone the “nation” of Iraq vanished, only apparently no one understood that. We also watch Turkey change from a secular state to an Islamic state, just as Mustapha Kemal Ataturk feared.  We did nothing about that. It is as if no one in Washington took the Sunni/Shiite division seriously.  The Thirty Years War which ended with the Peace of Westphalia. Pope Innocent X condemned the Peace of Westphalia as “null, void, invalid, unjust, damnable, reprobate, insane, empty of meaning and effect for all time,”  but it was a peace of exhaustion, and its effects lasted.  It was the start of all international law. There have been religious conflicts but no major religious war (other than against Turkey) since 1648. 

There has been nothing like the Peace of Westphalia among Muslims, although the West has often acted as if there had been. The destruction of the Turkish Empire and the drastic change of Turkey from a Caliphate to a secular republic made it possible for the West to believe that the religious differences among Muslims were no longer of vital importance.  ISIL is making it clear to all that this was a false conclusion.

We need a careful and objective analysis of US interests in the Middle East. It is not likely that this Administration can do that.  It is not clear who can.

Victor Davis Hanson’s daughter has passed away.

<http://victorhanson.com/wordpress/?p=8014>

—–

Roland Dobbins

I have been an admirer of Professor Hanson for decades.

Freedom is not free. Free men are not equal. Equal men are not free.

View 850 Thursday, November 13, 2014

“I have observed over the years that the unintended consequences of social action are always more important, and usually less agreeable, than the intended consequences.”

Irving Kristol

“Transparency and the rule of law will be the touchstones of this presidency.”

President Barack Obama, January 31, 2009

I was just sent this:

Wednesday, November 12, 2014 Last Update: 10:41 AM PT

Japanese Billionaire Sues ‘Space Lawyer’

By CAMERON LANGFORD

HOUSTON (CN) – A Houston attorney bought Russian capsules for a commercial spaceflight venture that "were only museum pieces," defrauding a Japanese investor of $49 million, the billionaire investor claims in state court.
     Takafumie Horie, whose Internet portal company Livedoor made him a billionaire, sued Art Dula in Harris County Court on Monday.
     Dula specializes in "space law" and is the literary executor of Robert Heinlein, the legendary science fiction writer known for his stories about human space exploration.
     Dula also is trustee of the Robert A. and Virginia Heinlein Prize Trust, which awards cash to encourage research into commercial space exploration.
     Requests for comment from Dula, made through his law offices and through fellow defendant Excalibur Almaz Limited, were unsuccessful. A staff member in his office said Dula and his business partner Buckner Hightower are traveling outside the country and unavailable for comment.
     In his lawsuit, Horie claims Dula leveraged his position as trustee of the Heinlein trust to solicit him as a client and investor.

http://www.courthousenews.com/2014/11/12/japanese-billionaire-sues-space-lawyer.htm

I know nothing more about this, including anything about the validity of “Courthouse News”. I have known Mr. Dula since the 1970’s and he was at one time a member of the Council I chaired which wrote space policy for the incoming Reagan Administration. A paper that Dula and Larry Niven wrote, “How to save civilization and make a little money,” outlined a policy of encouraging space development, and was the basis of much of the legislation creating the commercial space industry. The paper impressed Mr. Heinlein, who was a member of the Council. The Council of about 70 included General Graham of High Frontier, General Meyer who had commanded Marshall at Huntspatch (both of those officers were retired), General Schriever as represented by Colonel Kane his Director of Plans (Francis X. Kane, one of the coauthors of The Strategy of Technology but not acknowledged on the publication because he was on active duty at the time of publication), Buzz Aldrin, George Merrick then the manager of Space Shuttle for North American, Max Hunter,Jim Muncy of the Space Frontier Foundation, Poul Anderson, Jim Baen, and many other members of the space development leadership community. The Council’s papers went directly to the President, who incorporated a major Council conclusion in his “Star Wars” speech moving the US to the Strategic Defense Initiative, as well as to congressional leaders.

I have had little interaction with Art Dula since the turn of the Millenium. We have disagreed on his administration of the Heinlein trust, but we remain on good terms.

“They needed us to fight the Taliban. Now they don’t, so they pull the rug out from under us. Loyalty here seems like a one-way street.”

<http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/13/us/cuts-in-military-mean-job-losses-for-career-staff.html>

—–

Roland Dobbins

Happy Veterans Day.

Obama to send 1,500 more troops to Iraq as campaign expands – MSN News

“[General] Kirby said many of the additional American troops would be dedicated to securing bases where training and advising would take place and cautioned that American troops still face risks.

"’We already had a couple of military deaths associated with this conflict…. Nothing we do is without risk,’ he said.”

So some “non-combatant advisor” troops have already died.

“A four-days dead military advisor smells the same as a four-days soldier,” Heinlein said through Oscar Gordon in <i>Glory Road</i>. That statement, written in a book in 1963 in which the hero is already “advising” (fighting) in Vietnam remains true today, and Heinlein was dead on the money about U. S. involvement in Vietnam, long before the phony Gulf of Tonkin incident.

(Before he died, later-Admiral James Stockdale said he overflew the Gulf and there were no North Vietnames ships there, he knew the incident was made up. That’s why when he was a POW, he damaged his own face so much he couldn’t be paraded in front of the press, so the truth couldn’t be cosmetically-effective tortured out of him and then have him say it for propaganda. He knew the war was manufactured, but he also, once we were committed and in the war, refused to give aid to the enemy.)

David K. M. Klaus

Wars of attrition are never popular with either the public or the troops. Viet Nam placed more strain on the Soviet economy than most realize, and absorbed a great deal of their capacity to make mischief elsewhere; and if ever a people deserved help, it was the South Vietnamese people, many of them refugees from Communist Tonkin. We should have won it, but we chose to stalemate it. That stalemate turned out to be a war of attrition that was much harder on the USSR than on us, and contributed to the downfall of communism a generation later.

There is no good outcome to an extended war of attrition in the Middle East. What we should do is choose a side to strengthen and make viable, do that, and get out.

I would choose the Kurds. Give a good general a division and all the Warthogs and he can undertake to solve the immediate problems of the Kurds, at minimum cost in blood and treasure. Continue to drop bombs without having an objective and we will accomplish very little.

Freedom is not free. Free men are not equal. Equal men are not free.

View 850 Wednesday, November 12, 2014

“I have observed over the years that the unintended consequences of social action are always more important, and usually less agreeable, than the intended consequences.”

Irving Kristol

“Transparency and the rule of law will be the touchstones of this presidency.”

President Barack Obama, January 31, 2009

Tuesday I worked on fiction. John De Chancie and I have a new project, based on a story idea and character I have had in mind for years, and it is coming along nicely. I’ve done little writing but much of the planning, and the goal, as always, is for readers to have no idea of who wrote what. That’s not easily achieved in collaborations, but it is almost always a quality of successful collaborations, or has been in my experience.

Today I started by going to Kaiser to collect my new glasses: probably the last ones I will have before I have to have cataract surgery or whatever they call it. I understand intellectually that what they do today has almost nothing in common with the barbaric procedures they did when I was very young, or even what they did in the 80’s. I thank the readers who have taken the trouble to describe to me what happened to them and how much they appreciate the results, and I thank all those who have written to cheer me on.

I remain terrified, but I am getting control over that.

My visit to Kaiser took longer than I had planned – the lines at both the optician dispensary and the pharmacy where I had to pick up prescriptions were considerably longer than I had expected – but I was done by 1300.

As planned, I headed to the Apple Store in the Fashion Square mall in Sherman Oaks. I intended to look at the new iPhone and probably buy one, either the 6 or 6+ (I think those are the names; there’s a reason I am guessing and don’t know). I wanted to see if the bigger one would fit into a shirt pocket, and I think it will; again there’s a reason I am not certain.

I had also intended to look at the new iPad. I suspect I don’t need one, my Microsoft Surface Pro 3 being more than enough tablet. My original iPad still works fine, but I find I don’t use it much. When I carry a device to read while waiting in lines I carry the Kindle Fire, which is a bit too large for a shirt pocket but goes into a bush jacket side pocket nicely, and which I find exceedingly readable. I used to read on my old iPad, but now I find the Fire works better both at home and when I go out. Still, I wanted to look at the iPad. After all, this is Chaos Manor, and I do a lot of things so you don’t have to.

I had also brought along Khaos, my 6 year old MacBook Air. (I didn’t really remember how many years I have had that Air, but I do recall that I got her at about the time they were burning my brain with hard X-rays to get rid of The Lump, and that was Spring/Summer 2008. Khaos is still my favorite machine to carry when I am going out and expect to make notes or do some actual work, and won’t have a good desk and chair to work with. The Air is really good for productive work. Alas, mine isn’t: as I showed in the September Computing at Chaos Manor column, the Air has developed “Swollen battery syndrome”. Her batteries have swollen so much they distort the case, and she don’t work no more.

So I traipsed up to the Apple Store, where I was met by a helpful sounding young man in a blue shirt. I looked closely and he was Apple, not Helpful Honda. Ah well. I told him I was interested in iPhone 6, the new iPad, and I also had this, showing him the air. He glanced at Khaos but obviously didn’t look at it. “What do you need for that?” I chuckled a bit. “You didn’t look at it.” So this time he saw that swollen battery. He had been leading me to the iPhone table, but now he told me I needed to talk to an appointments maker or something like that.

That apparently required a different level of blue shirt than him.  He pointed out a young lady with a blue shirt and a red bag.  I’d have to make an appointment.  I said something about the iPhone and he said, yes, after I’d made the appointment we could do that,

The young lady was talking to someone.  I stood expectantly waiting, but she didn’t acknowledge me, and continue chatting pleasantly with a couple.  I don’t hear well in a crowded place with many conversations going at once so I don’t know what it was about.  Eventually a young man came up and asked if he could help, I confessed I had been sent to see that young lady, and he was smart enough to ask why.  I showed him Khaos,m and he grinned.  “Yep, you need an appointment.  I can do that for you.”  It turned out to be an appointment for 1645, some three hours away.  I hadn’t intended to spend the whole day on this, but since the next appointment was for Friday this seemed the reasonable thing to so.

So I went back to the iPhones, and waited again. I got someone.  I asked about bringing the stuff from my iPhone 4G over to the new iPhone, and was told that would be through the cloud, only I don’t back up to the cloud, I back up to the iMac. So we set out to see how long it would take for my iPhone to back me up to the cloud, and that led to my Apple identification and password, and that’s the wrong thing to ask me cold because I don’t remember it offhand, but I had my logbook, but I’m also rather deaf.

The rest of this story will be in the November Column which I’m writing now.  It ended up with my being locked out of my iPhone settings for 24 hours, although I could still use the iPhone as a telephone; waiting for Apple Support to telephone me on my iPhone; more complications, all of which I should be able to overcome after 1500 tomorrow but not before; and my cancelling the 4:45 PM appointment because I was exhausted, I still didn’t have a new iPhone or iPad and wasn’t all that sure that was what I wanted and it was now 3 PM and I was exhausted.  I’ll have to make another appointment to get Khaos looked at.

I’ll tell the entire story in the column.  I hope to have a happy ending.  The moral of this story is that if you’re somewhat deaf and a bit unsure about the name of your first car and where you met your wife, be very careful about letting eager young people in blue shirts be helpful with your iPhone in an Apple Store.  Be sure you know what you Apple Id and password are (and if you live at Chaos Manor they will not be the id and password you log onto your Apple machines with) and you have things written down for quick retrieval,

More in the column.

Airstrikes strengthening ISIS Dear Dr. Pournelle,

I believe you will be interested in this article, though I doubt it will give you much pleasure.

http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/11/11/al-qaeda-s-killer-new-alliance-with-isis.html

It appears that our pinprick airstrikes against ISIS, far from weakening our enemy, is strengthening them. Why? Because we’ve been bombing other rebel groups as well. Those groups, figuring they will be lumped in with ISIS anyway, are hastening to merge them. So we have subtracted pennies from their strength through airstrikes but indirectly we have added pounds by fostering their merger and alliance with other rebels.

The upshot is that ISIS is stronger now than it was before this campaign was started.

I am trying to practice more optimism so .. there’s still time for Americans to do the right thing after all the other options are exhausted. So it appears that’s one less bad option between where we are now and actually doing something right!

Respectfully,

Brian P.

I haven’t spent enough time studying this to be certain of anything, but on principle if we continue random acts of violence and destruction in Syria with no apparent strategy or goal, we are not likely to accomplish much that we want.  This is what we did in Libya, with hideous results that will plague us for years.  We’d have done better in Libya to declare the restoration of the Royal Family and hired some mercenaries to take the country for him.  No, of course I don’t mean that  in the sense that I’d propose it as an objective, but I have the horrible suspicion that a policy of restoring the monarchy would have produced better results than what they have in Libya now.  The point I am trying to illustrate is that if you don’t know what goal you are trying to accomplish, yet you insist on breaking things and killing people, you may not know what goal you are accomplishing.

October 30, 2014 7:00 pm JST

Japan frets over coming absence of US aircraft carriers

TETSURO KOSAKA, Nikkei senior staff writer

TOKYO — Security policymakers in Japan and the U.S. are privately voicing concern about the absence of U.S. aircraft carriers from East Asian waters for four months next year.    

Budget restrictions in the U.S. and turmoil in the Middle East is putting pressure on the fleet’s capability and will mean not a single aircraft carrier is deployed in East Asia.

     Japanese and U.S. officials fear having no U.S. carriers in the region could provide China and North Korea with an opportunity to take military action.

     The USS George Washington, the only U.S. aircraft carrier with an overseas homeport, is to leave its base in Japan for refueling and extensive maintenance. Until the USS Ronald Reagan arrives at the Japanese port of Yokosuka to replace the ship, there will be no American carrier in East Asia for about four months, according to U.S. and Japanese officials.

     The U.S. Navy has not disclosed details about the replacement, but it is expected sometime between spring and autumn next year.

http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/Japan-frets-over-coming-absence-of-US-aircraft-carriers

So it has come to this.

SS2 Feathering

Jerry,

Good piece on what may have happened, but SS2’s "feathering" system could use a bit of clarification.

The reason SS2’s twin tail booms need to be physically locked in their horizontal position until the ship has accelerated past Mach 1.4 has to do with transonic aerodynamics.

As a wing (or wing-shaped surface like the horizontal bits of SS2’s

tails) approaches Mach 1, shock waves form on its forward upper and lower surfaces. As our wing accelerates to and past Mach 1, these shocks move aft unevenly, with the typical result being the wing’s center of lift moving aft, causing the vehicle’s nose to pitch downward.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_tuck.

The related transonic effect on the SS2 tails is apparently strong enough to lift them toward the vertical position despite their actuators, hence SS2’s mechanical tailboom locking mechanism.

Once we get up to around Mach 1.3, the upper and lower shocks on our wing have both moved all the way aft and united into one shock on the trailing edge, and we’re through the transonic region with its weird and often counter-intuitive aerodynamics.

Mach 1.4 is a reasonable margin above this trans-sonic region, and therefore is about as early in the rocket powered portion of SS2’s flight as you would want to unlock the tails.

As for WHY you might want to unlock the tails as early as possible, it’s because SS2 cannot reenter safely from max speed and altitude without the tail booms lifted vertical to the rest of the vehicle, "feathered".

Without the greatly increased drag from this feathered configuration,

SS2 would reenter too fast, overheating and damaging or destroying its structure.

Unlocking the tails as soon as possible in SS2’s rocket motor burn is a safety measure – if they can’t be unlocked for some reason, then the pilots can shut down the rocket motor and abort the flight before SS2 is going too fast to reenter safely unfeathered.

As for why the copilot might have unlocked the tailbooms early, it’s too soon to do more than speculate. Pilot error is the easy conclusion many have leaped to, but consider that he may have been given an incorrect procedure for this mission, or may have executed a correct procedure based on an incorrect (or easy-to-misread) instrument reading, or that some combination of cockpit design and test-plan and training factors may have made an error much harder to avoid than it needed to be.

The NTSB, for what it’s worth, has announced it is forming a new Human Performance Group within the SS2 investigation to look into these factors. It may be a while before we know much more.

Henry Vanderbilt

I understand there is always eagerness to unlock the feathers as soon as possible; we now have a better idea of when is too soon. Sir Richard continues to build the new ship, and is determined to be on its first commercial flight.

It’s late and bed time.

Freedom is not free. Free men are not equal. Equal men are not free.

View 850 Sunday, November 09, 2014

“I have observed over the years that the unintended consequences of social action are always more important, and usually less agreeable, than the intended consequences.”

Irving Kristol

“Transparency and the rule of law will be the touchstones of this presidency.”

President Barack Obama, January 31, 2009

The election is over, and the Democrats lost. The Republicans did not win – at least the Establishment Country Club Republicans did not. It is unclear as to who did win, but note that Al Franken, who won a Senate seat by recounts and the mysterious discovery of some ballots in the trunk of a car –

Al Franken May Have Won His Senate Seat Through Voter Fraud

It’s time for real voter registration reform.

As the Wall Street Journal’s John Fund reports, Minnesota Democrat Al Franken’s narrow, 312-vote victory in 2008 over incumbent Sen. Norm Coleman may have come as the result of people being allowed to vote who, under existing law, shouldn’t have been.

http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/peter-roff/2010/07/20/al-franken-may-have-won-his-senate-seat-through-voter-fraud

cruised to victory this time against a fairly typical and nominally attractive Republican candidate. Franken was able to spend a lot of money on his election. Minnesota is better off economically than many states. Franken has a minimal legislative record (well, the Senate hasn’t originated or voted on many bills in a while), but he did vote for Obamacare. You may draw from this election any conclusions you like, but the notion that the country has decisively rejected Democratic rule is not likely true. The New Hampshire election is another instance: the Democrat did not lose. So while it is true that the Democrats were dealt a great loss, it wasn’t universal. In places where they spent enough money and kept their ground game – getting out the vote – they managed to come through.

The Republicans now have a chance to show that they can actually govern, get the nation out of the economic stalemate – It’s the economy, stupid! – and deal with foreign affairs, but they have that to do. That includes an economic recovery that is not just on the stock market.

The Ebola crisis is not ended, but we could be on a path to control it while we develop an effective vaccine. I have no estimate of how long that might take. Presumably we have better technique now than Jonas Salk had, but on the other hand we have more regulations.

The obvious place to fight Ebola is in the plague zones. Better hospital conditions may raise the survival rate, which is at present only 30% of those who contract the disease and get treatment; the rate is likely much lower among those who don’t get to treatment centers.

While it is true that quarantines cannot indefinitely protect the United States from Ebola, quarantine techniques can certainly lower the probability of an uncontrolled outbreak here. Insisting that those coming from plague zones limit their contacts for three weeks on return from a plague area is reasonable. Those who want to go treat people in plague zones must simply reckon on being quarantined when they come back. If that is unacceptable, don’t go.

Robert McDonald: Cleaning up the VA

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/robert-mcdonald-cleaning-up-the-veterans-affairs-hospitals/

I was impressed by Secretary McDonald, but I believe too little emphasis was given to the difficulties of his job: he needs to fire 1,000 VA officials, and so far he hasn’t been able to fire any. Some have been placed on administrative leave, which is in fact paid vacation while accumulating pension benefits; but he has not the power simply to clean out this mess.

VA officials falsified records to show their superior performance and thus win bonuses. It is not clear that civil servants ought to be paid bonuses for doing their jobs, and the actual performance of the Civil Service system – as opposed to holding political officials responsible for the performance of their departments – is good reason for questioning Civil Service vs. “the spoils system” which preceded it. Civil Service was originally intended as job protection from political superiors, and with that protection came an absolute prohibition on taking part in political activities: not only could superiors not demand political donations, but civil servants weren’t permitted to give them even if they wanted to. Their “civil liberty” of political activity went away with acceptance of a government job. This was eroded over the years to the present system in which civil servants in the IRS, the VA, and other agencies have great political power through their unions. Unions of government workers are a fairly recent innovation: originally civil service laws protected them, but unions were not allowed. It is still no clear why supposedly non-partisan government works protected by civil service laws need or should have unions. But that’s another matter.

Freedom is not free. Free men are not equal. Equal men are not free.