Mail 746 Sunday, October 14, 2012

Machman.

<http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_SUPERSONIC_SKYDIVER?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2012-10-14-11-33-29>

Joe Kittinger’s record held for 51 years . . .

—

Roland Dobbins

I was minorly involved in Manhigh back in the early days. Major Dave Simons taught me the habit of installing seat belts and insisting that everyone used them when I visited one of the balloon launches – I was then in human factors at Boeing and we had contracts on space survival equipment. We didn’t know much about anything in those days.

Subj: Colonel Kittinger’s Heir?

http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/330377/giant-leap-man-andrew-stuttaford

Rod Montgomery==monty@starfief.com

Indeed.

China and the west.

Hi Jerry,

Hope your nose is on the mend. Here is a short but interesting article on China and the west from the BBC news site:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19929620

Regards,

Andrew McCann.

Very basic of course. Imagine Greek times when there were Greeks, almost-Greeks and those who might become Greeks in a vague concept of the homonoia. America had some of that concept in its formation before we became enthralled by diversity. Early concepts of homonoia had elements of race in them, as did early concepts of Americanism. Over time Americans came to accept various nationalities and linguistic groups as candidates for the melting pot. It took time to include Asians and Africans in that mix, but it was happening. As Bill Buckley used to say, you could study to become an American. It took work but you could do it, and we were opening that to everyone. That, of course was back before we became enthralled to diversity.

China has always had its concept of civilization vs. barbarians. China was often conquered by barbarians, but managed to survive and civilize her conquerors. Of course one can question whether their current treatment of Tibetans and Uighers fits any model of civilization, but that is for another discussion.

Space Out: NASA Faces More Budget Cuts in 2013 | Observations, Scientific American Blog Network

Not sure if either is really saying anything but at least space is being discussed.

http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2012/10/12/space-out-nasa-faces-more-budget-cuts-in-2013/=

The question, of course, is what role government ought to play in space development.

I covered much of that in The Strategy of Technology and various other papers and books I have done since. Roughly it is that government ought to put out prizes for technological developments, and fund X-projects, but it should not try to control technological developments through arsenals and centers.

The old NACA helped the development of the aviation industry. NASA strangled the space industry. Given what was spent on space development after Apollo we ought to be halfway to Alpha Centaiuri by now; instead NASA drained off valuable projects to pay its standing army.

We may be on a better path now. The key is not the size of the NASA budget but its structure. Some parts of NASA do some things very well indeed. And the Shuttle Main Engine was a marvel in its time, efficient and reusable if run at below 95% of it’s maximum thrust, which it should have been. NASA came up with some wonders. It also came up with turkeys, such as segmented solid rocket boosters. But that is a matter for another essay.

Space-X is a real step toward commercial space development. And the Commercial Space Act was well drafted and has helped a lot.

We’ll get there…

Why big companies can’t innovate

Dr Pournelle

I thought you might find this <http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2012/09/why_big_companies_cant_innovate.html> interesting. I think it applies to all large organizations; for instance, NASA.

Live long and prosper

h lynn keith

Well, sometimes they can, but in general there are optimum sizes. I have long been a big fan of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, and I think it ought to be more vigorously applied. There are banks that are too big to fail and thus too large to allow to exist. It is true of other industries. Buying up one’s competition is not necessarily something we ought to allow when they get above 10% of the market share. Huge trusts do not act in the public interest. Competition ought to be encouraged.

David McCord Wright is no longer as highly regarded as he once was in the field of economics, but in my judgment his analysis of what was wrong with Marx has never been bettered. Marx noted the tendency of capitalism to concentrate more and more power in fewer and fewer hands. Wright pointed out that in the United States we had – for a long time – the trust busters, the anti-trust act to insure that there were competitors in vital industries, and that no one firm controlled too much of the market share. I see very little work on this in modern economics and I think that is regrettable.

AMD Laying Off Up To 30 Percent Of Workforce: Reports

http://app.info.ubmchannel.com/e/er?s=1922782676&lid=4529&elq=8ff61fb4afca4a7b9d785e94c3e5c6c3 <http://app.info.ubmchannel.com/e/er?s=1922782676&lid=4529&elq=8ff61fb4afca4a7b9d785e94c3e5c6c3>

space<http://i.cmpnet.com/designcentral/enews/crn_exec_club/images/spacer.gif>

header<http://i.crn.com/misc/newsletters/CRN_news_alerts_header.jpg>

photo<http://i.crn.com/images/layoff185.jpg> SPOTLIGHT

AMD Laying Off Up To 30 Percent Of Workforce: Reports <http://app.info.ubmchannel.com/e/er?s=1922782676&lid=4896&elq=8ff61fb4afca4a7b9d785e94c3e5c6c3>

AMD next week is expected to announce the layoffs of 20 percent to 30 percent of its staff in the wake of a disappointing preliminary third quarter fiscal report.

And the beat goes on

“Our thinking was: how do we make use of the essential essence of Einstein’s theory for velocities above c?”

<http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/10/10/ftl_special_relativity_mathematics/>

—

Roland Dobbins

Now that is truly interesting. So if we ever have the fact we already have an approach to the theory…

Nice people, these Taliban

http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/09/world/asia/pakistan-teen-activist-attack/index.html?hpt=hp_t3

And they have recently said their only regret is that they didn’t kill her, a mistake they will remedy in due time. This is war on civilization. But we don’t have a concept of homonoia.

Top Brain surgeon atheist changes mind

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9597345/Afterlife-exists-says-top-brain-surgeon.html

Stephanie Osborn

The Emerging Doctrine of the United States | Stratfor

Jerry

An emerging doctrine of the United States – “the United States does not take primary responsibility for events, but which allows regional crises to play out until a new regional balance is reached:”

http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/emerging-doctrine-united-states

You have been arguing for this for decades. I guess the guys in suits finally figured out that it is a good idea.

The piece is from Stratfor. It’s a good read.

Ed

The United States should not become involved in the territorial disputes of Europe. On the other hand, we sent the Marines to deal with the Barbary Pirates… We do have interests.

‘As we discussed, there will be consequences for refusal to wear an ID card as we begin to move forward with full implementation.’

<http://rt.com/usa/news/texas-school-id-hernandez-033/>

Roland Dobbins

The Music Industry

Jerry,

The way to make money from popular music, surprisingly, is not to own shares in a record company. Record companies are so profligate and inefficient that in spite of very low input costs and very high product prices they show little or no overall profit.

The actual artists who write and play popular music have found an answer to the record companies historical monopoly. The equipment needed to record, mix, and then press a recording, used to cost as much as a decent sized house. Now, with the rapid improvement in electronics the equipment to do the same job costs about as much as a second hand car, and mum permitting, will fit in the musician’s bedroom. This is half the battle. The record companies still have an incestuous relationship with broadcasters which until recently preserved their monopoly control of exposure. No longer, thanks to YouTube and Facebook. Hurrah. The previously scorned artists now freely post their work for all to download and enjoy. Albeit in necessarily degraded form due to bandwidth limits. Fans who want a full fidelity version email the artist and get a DVD at half the traditional price. The fans are also told of live performances where the artist can hire a venue in a competitive market and keep the profit. Publicity, the other service offered by the record companies has also been bypassed because of the ease with which fans can post on the band’s FaceBook page. I predict that the traditional monopolistic record companies will soon die and that few will attend the funeral.

There have been similar developments in book publishing although it is regrettable that the author faces many more difficulties than the musician.

John Edwards

The world changes. But as I said when I built my first Ezekial way back in CP/M days, small computers are potentially great equalizers…

I rarely – though sometimes – recommend books to my friends. So it must be unbridled hubris to recommend a book to a successful author. Nevertheless, I will rise (stoop?) to the occasion. The Sovereign Individual, written in 1997 by James Dale Davidson and William Rees-Mogg, has much to say about the impact and likely effects of the Information Age on the state, economies, the ‘returns to violence’ – by which they mean the payoff of employing violence – and much else. Given that you and Niven have written considerably about a future that bears more resemblance to a past than it does to our present, what Davidson and Rees-Mogg have to say may provide you with a wealth of ideas for additional books, though of a very different kind of future.

Or not. Oath of Fealty is not far from what the authors predict.

Just sayin’.

Richard White

Austin, Texas

Oath of Fealty was the second novel Niven and I planned. Paer way through it Larry realized that between us we could do Inferno and he had wanted to do a book guided by Dante since he encountered it in school. OATH did in fact become a best seller, and part of it remain prophetic. If we wrote it today it would be very different, of course, but I do not think it’s main theme is impossible. I find Oath surprisingly readable even now.

“Don’t Shoot!—I’m Che!” (A Glorious Anniversary)

http://townhall.com/columnists/humbertofontova/2012/10/06/dont_shootim_che_a_glorious_anniversary/page/full/

""When you saw the beaming look on Che’s face as his victims were tied to the stake and blasted apart by the firing squad," said a former Cuban political prisoner to this writer, "you saw there was something seriously, seriously wrong with Che Guevara." "

He executed thousands without trial, and yet is still a chic image to wear on shirts to prove you are hip and with it. If we had learning in our halls of learning, this would be laughed off of the campus.

Graves

Approaching the Eye (sort of)

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/10/08/jaw-dropping-rotating-3d-nebula/

Environmentalist Air Pollution

Hi Dr. Pournelle,

I’m glad to hear that the MOHS procedures are going to take care of your latest brush with cancer. I doesn’t surprise me that you felt more scared this time. I think that’s only natural. I’ve never been diagnosed with cancer, but I’ve lost dear friends and family to it and the thought that I could get it scares the bejeebers out of me. I’m very glad that your little corner of sense and rationality is going to be with us for a while yet.

I found what I consider a very nice article over at the "Watt’s Up With That" website that looks at 6 tenets (if you will) of the catastrophic anthropogenic global warming cause and (I think) debunks them all. This is a guest post from Dr. Ira Glickstein (bio at the end of his post). The lede:

What’s the difference between a whimsical fable and an environmental fallacy?

* On the outside, fables are light-hearted fibs. But oh so true on the inside.

* Environmental fallacies are just the opposite, plausible on the outside but hiding ugly realities on the inside.

Environmentalists have promoted the theory that human civilization is the main cause of global warming. They argue that Governments worldwide must take immediate drastic action to prevent a catastrophe. The chain of proof in their human-caused climate catastrophe theory is broken in at least six places. (All formatting above is from the post.)

Here’s the link: Environmentalist Air Pollution <http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/10/11/environmentalist-air-pollution/>

Jay Smith

The evidence piles up that we don’t know enough to have a good theory of climate. We do know that in historical times the Earth has been both colder and warmer than it is now. We don’t even know which way it is going: it warmed from the Little Ice Age until sometime in the Twentieth Century, but the trend isn’

Mail 744 Wednesday, October 03, 2012

Chinese script

Dear Dr. Pournelle:

A small terminological point about Chinese script: My copy of Oxford University Press’s The World’s Writing Systems (an amazingly comprehensive book—it even has Tolkien’s two invented scripts!) calls Chinese writing "logographic," meaning that characters represent words, as contrasted with syllabic and alphabetic scripts. The authors maintain that "pictographic" is obviously wrong, as there are Chinese characters for abstractions that can’t be pictured; and "ideographic" is more subtly wrong in several ways: "idea" is somewhat vague if the idea isn’t linked to a specific word, and there are grammatical function words such as "of" or "the" that don’t really express an idea. (We can count how many English words are in an unabridged dictionary, but how would you count how many ideas English-speaking people have?)

This is not to deny that having to learn hundreds or thousands of distinct characters that represent different words is a hindrance! I’m just in favor of going with more current scholarship and terminology on how written Chinese works. The term "logographic" actually strikes me as improving the precision of the discussion.

Best wishes,

William H. Stoddard

I suspect my use of ‘ideographic’ betrays the age of my education: that’s how Chinese was described when I was in high school, or at least at my high school. I won’t quarrel with a more precise terminology, although I will point out that some Chinese seems to be ideographic: at least I am told that the character for ‘trouble’ is a stylized pictograph of two women under one roof. I won’t insist on that being correct, since I can’t recall where I first read it, but I would think that almost the very definition of ‘ideographic.’ But I don’t claim to know much about Chinese.

I do think it important that we understand Chinese culture., and I suspect that much of what I have always known is in need of amplification…

Subject: pictographs and phonetic writing

Dear Dr. Pournelle,

Your column for 1Oct2012 included a long letter about pictographs and phonemes. You were once exposed to a practical example. Korea once used classical Chinese for all written communication, even though the Chinese writing was a horrible fit for the Korean language. A king of Korea realized he could not communicate directly with the people, and fixed this. He directed a group of scholars to invent a phonetic alphabet that could be taught quickly to anyone. His scholars worked hard, made several voyages to China, and succeeded. The current Korean phonetic alphabet is little changed from the original effort. Those who point out that Korea still uses some Chinese characters are advised that they are used mostly in proper names and to avoid ambiguity, especially in legal documents. In all cases, there is a Korean spelling available for those unfamiliar with Hanja, the Korean name for the Chinese characters.

regards,

William L. Jones

wljonespe@verizon.net

Thank you. I should have added that story earlier.

October 3, 2012: The U.S. has angered the French Air Force by reneging on a 2010 contract to upgrade the four French E-3F AWACS (Air Warning And Control System) aircraft. The agreed on price is $466 million and now the U.S. wants to tack on another $5 million so the promised technology can be degraded. This is all because some American bureaucrat decided that some of the upgrade technology was too sensitive for the French and had to be taken out of the upgrade. The French are being asked to pay for this change. The French are not happy. The U.S. insists such changes are allowed for these deals but are having a hard time convincing the French……..

http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htproc/articles/20121003.aspx

Words fail me.

I think it’s time for an update to the Iron Law:

<.>

The Department of Homeland Security has spent hundreds of millions of dollars on a network of 77 so-called “fusion” intelligence centers that have collected personal information on some U.S. citizens — including detailing the “reading habits” of American Muslims — while producing “shoddy” reports and making no contribution to thwarting any terrorist plots,  a new Senate report states. </>

http://openchannel.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/10/02/14187433-homeland-security-fusion-centers-spy-on-citizens-produce-shoddy-work-report-says?lite

Reading this did not cause the concept to dawn on me as we all know bureaucracies compete for funding and personnel.  The pie they draw from is finite; for one bureaucracy to expand taxes must rise or another bureaucracy must shrink.  In these times, bureaucracy is close to a zero-sum game.  One wasteful bureaucracy points at another; why?  Would it be to get resources?  Pros, cons; fixes or problem, reaction; solution or, thesis, antithesis; synthesis may be at work here?  I think you might update the Iron Law to reflect how these bureaucracies fight — and infight — for resources.  This update would — ideally — include the words "intelligence failure", "parochial interests", and "mismanagement of funds" inter alia. 

—–

Most Respectfully,

Joshua Jordan, KSC

Percussa Resurgo

And yet some things cannot be accomplished without bureaucracy. The art of good government requires understanding how to prune and control bureaucracy; you can’t really live without it, nor would you want to. Government like fire is a dangerous friend and a fearful master – but it is required for civilization.

Jerry:

In your August 31, 2012 Mail at

http://www.jerrypournelle.com/chaosmanor/?p=9400

<http://www.jerrypournelle.com/chaosmanor/?p=9400> you posted my question

"What fraction of the scientific literature is fabricated in the service of agendas?"

You introduced my question with a question of your own: "How real is science?"

I had hoped that responses from your readers would help clarify my thinking about this issue. So far I’ve seen only one reply at

http://www.jerrypournelle.com/chaosmanor/?p=9533

<http://www.jerrypournelle.com/chaosmanor/?p=9533> That response did not seem to address my question. Instead it discussed other topics, including religion, which has nothing at all to do with my question.

In my original e-mail, I gave reasons for asking my question, listing my own experience plus statements by three internationally known speakers and writers who have made comments questioning the integrity of the scientific literature.

Today I am reading articles in "The Chronicle of Higher Education" and in "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" that address the very issue I raised when I first asked my question. It appears that the situation is worse than I ever imagined. There are serious questions arising about the integrity of peer-reviewed journals and questions about the fraction of the scientific literature that is fabricated.

An article in a blog published by "The Chronicle of Higher Education" dated October 1, 2012, by Paul Basken has the headline "Misconduct, Not Error, Found Behind Most Journal Retractions"

http://chronicle.com/blogs/percolator/misconduct-not-error-found-behind-most-journal-retractions

<http://chronicle.com/blogs/percolator/misconduct-not-error-found-behind-most-journal-retractions> Mr. Basken describes an article from "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/09/27/1212247109

<http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/09/27/1212247109> in which it was determined that 2/3 of journal retractions are due to fraud. To quote from the Basken summary:

Research misconduct, rather than error, is the leading cause of retractions in scientific journals, with the problem especially pronounced in more prestigious publications, a comprehensive analysis has concluded.

Not surprisingly, the reasons provided for retraction of fraudulent articles are themselves fraudulent. To quote from the abstract of the PNAS paper (subscription required for full text):

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/09/27/1212247109 <http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/09/27/1212247109>

Incomplete, uninformative or misleading retraction announcements have led to a previous underestimation of the role of fraud in the ongoing retraction epidemic.

It appears that the journals do not consider themselves to be gatekeepers for scientific integrity, despite all the lip service paid to peer-review. Quoting again from the Basken article:

Dr. Casadevall was more critical, saying that the misconduct discovered through their study was “the tip of the iceberg” and that journals needed to develop better standards. As an example, he cited the Journal of Biological Chemistry, which accounted for 27 of the 158 examples where a retraction attributed to an error was discovered by Dr. Casadevall and his team to actually involve misconduct. Part of the problem, he said, is that the journal has a policy of allowing retractions without giving any public explanation of the reason.

In such a setting, Dr. Casadevall said, “the misconduct is going through the roof because the rewards are disproportionate.”

Indeed, it is now known that the journals do not even bother to document the existence of the so-called peers who do the peer-reviewing, as described in another article in "The Chronicle" under the headline:

"Fake Peer Reviews, the Latest Form of Scientific Fraud, Fool Journals"

http://chronicle.com/article/Fake-Peer-Reviews-the-Latest/134784/

<http://chronicle.com/article/Fake-Peer-Reviews-the-Latest/134784/> That there is a "retraction epidemic" in the most prestigious peer-reviewed journals makes me wonder again what percentage of the scientific literature is fabricated in the service of an agenda. Basken quotes one of the authors of the PNAS article:

“Right now we’re incentivizing a lot of behavior that’s not actually constructive to science,” Dr. Fang said.

This seems consistent with the statement by Dr. John Patrick, president of Augustine College in Ottawa that I quoted in my previous e-mail about this issue. Dr. Patrick said:

We have no idea now, do we, how much of the scientific literature is fabricated. And, of course, it’s very hard to imagine why it wouldn’t be fabricated. We’re merely reaping the rewards of what we have taught."

43:37 minutes into the talk at

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYOTUEQinowAt <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYOTUEQinowAt>

The PNAS article studied only the medical literature, which might be getting special scrutiny because life and death are at stake. Quoting again the Basken article in "The Chronicle":

The risks to public health were illustrated this year by a report in Nature in which the pharmaceutical company Amgen described its attempts to independently verify a collection of 53 published studies concerning cancer drugs. The Amgen scientists found they could confirm the scientific findings in only 11 percent of the articles.

(Nature article at

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v483/n7391/full/483531a.html <http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v483/n7391/full/483531a.html>

subscription required.)

In other research areas, where only relatively inconsequential things such as academic promotions and grant money are at stake, we can surmise that there is much less incentive to investigate fraud.

It appears that distrust of the scientific literature is rooted not in the conspiratorial imaginings of the general public but in the documented behavior of the scientific community.

I would like to see more comments about these issues from your well-informed readers. The decline in trust, the decline in the belief that your fellow Americans will try to do the right thing, plays a significant role in Charles Murray’s book "Coming Apart." Loss of trust threatens the existence of civil society and the continuation of the American project. At one time scientific journals were assumed trustworthy. Today when reading an article one is less apt to think "Isn’t that interesting" and is more apt to ask "What are they up to?"

Best regards,

–Harry M.

The problem is that I don’t have time to give the matter the attention that it deserves. Academia has become bureaucratic in extreme ways, and the Iron Law prevails there as elsewhere. On the other hand, the Internet has made it possible to make almost anything available to nearly everyone. We have not gone through the intellectual revolutions that will entail. In the early days science fiction was more imaginative than it often is now; on the other hand, some have simply thrown up their hands and say ‘Singularity!’

‘Now deputies are investigating how Garner ended up in a position where the hogs were able to eat him.’

<http://www.kptv.com/story/19688341/oregon-man-eaten-by-hogs-body-%20found-in-several-pieces>

Roland Dobbins

Hogs can be dangerous, and boar hunting was a royal sport at one time…

Subj: Polls: refusal rates?

What fraction of those who will vote refuse to respond to telephone pollsters?

http://pjmedia.com/tatler/2012/09/30/we-are-the-91-only-9-of-americans-cooperate-with-pollsters/

"At Pew Research, the response rate of a typical telephone survey was 36% in 1997 and is just 9% today."

"53% of Americans actively refuse to answer poll questions."

Are the refusers systematically different from the responders? We won’t know until Election Day.

Rod Montgomery==monty@starfief.com

A long time ago a magazine went out of business after falsely predicting an election: it used a telephone poll when only those with higher incomes could afford a telephone. Now polls that use landlines have a problem. Getting a true random sample is increasingly difficult, and as they get more desperate there will be more people unwilling to answer. Stay tuned…

Generous letter from Heinlein to Sturgeon

Jerry:

Scanning Instapundit, I chanced upon this:

http://www.lettersofnote.com/2012/10/help-from-heinlein.html

A peek into a highly creative and generous mind–

Best regards,

Doug Ely

As it happens I spent the Saturday night of that Chicago Convention in Mr. Heinlein’s suite in a party that lasted until dawn and we watched the sun rise over the lake. A memorable night, and the real beginning of myh long friendship with Mr. Heinlein. Ted was at the convention but not a t that party.

"grade level" and literacy

Many parents, frustrated by the government schools, have pulled their children out. Home schoolers – who almost always uses phonics, not look-say – now educate about 4% of American children. Private-school enrollment is rising. Some government schools are losing 8% of their enrollment annually.

What shocks me is the degree of economic illiteracy in "the land of the free." Given what economists know about the Economic Calculation Problem and Incentive Problems, why do we still rely upon government provision of education?

Regarding China — they appear to be more and more scientifically adept as time goes by – and in part, this seems to be due to their willingness to learn other languages, especially English. It takes decades to educate an entire nation, but the right education for their best and brightest can cause a great transformation.

Terry McIntyre

I do point out that with the Internet it is possible to have real education without government schools. Credentials are another matter.

And on that score:

The WWW and government…

http://www.lewrockwell.com/north/north1203.html

It is getting close to impossible for any establishment group to get its version of the past accepted. There are rival sites that provide links to evidence that undermines the establishment’s view.

CONCLUSION

"The Internet has overcome the establishments’ distribution systems. Information delivery systems present numerous outlets to anyone with an Internet connection. Very skilled communicators can now overcome what would have been nearly impenetrable barriers to entry in 1995.

"The quality of the broad mass of digits is low, but the quality at the top is very high. Open entry has produced outlets for people with very great skills in both research and expression."

Charles Brumbelow

Subj: Perot fears economic takeover, refuses to endorse

http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1012/81850.html

Interesting.

Did a Computer Bug Help Deep Blue Beat Kasparov? |

Jerry

A computer bug seems to have helped Deep Blue Beat Kasparov:

http://www.wired.com/playbook/2012/09/deep-blue-computer-bug/

It was a mistake, but it messed with Kasparov’s head.

Ed

Roberta and I met and had dinner with Gary Kasparov when we were in Moscow in 1989. I can hardly call him an old friend, but we did exchange some letters afterwards. Interesting story. I can see how it might have affected his play.

Of course Big Blue is not conscious – yet. And I do think it was unfair to let them reprogram the computer during the game series.

Subject: Spherical Drive Motorcycle

It looks like something right out of a Sci-Fi film, but as a Harley rider for 40+ years, it’s a little much for me

http://www.autoblog.com/2012/09/19/spherical-drive-motorcycle-being-developed-by-engineering-studen/

Tracy Walters