Education, measurements, asymmetric war, proscription lists, and other matters

Mail 761 Thursday, February 07, 2013

You might want to look at today’s VIEW before reading this mail bag. Due to the way this web site creation engine works, you will find that below this entry.  I used to have separate View and Mail pages and I got used to that. Ah well.

However,  I have this from the web master:

Regarding your comment about ‘I used to have separate view and mail pages’…..actually, you do.

It’s just that the default page (home page) combines the two so that views and mails appear in reverse chronological order.

The menu bar has choices to just get the Views, or just get the Mails.

I suspect most visitors come to your site often enough that they like to see the latest item on top of the home page, whether it is a View or Mail.

…Rick…

clip_image002

Subj: Firing teachers to improve schools

Maybe firing the lowest-performing ten percent of teachers will improve a *bad* school. I doubt it will improve a *good* school.

W. Edwards Deming pointed out the problem: *someone* always has to be in the bottom ten percent of the distribution for any performance measure.

If the system is in a stable state of statistical control, i.e. all the teachers perform according to the same probability distribution, then firing the lowest-performing ten percent amounts to firing by lottery.

Aside from being unjust, that will demoralize the survivors.

As I understand it, even the Romans only decimated (i.e. killed ten percent of) *badly-performing* Legions, as punishment. They did not routinely decimate every Legion on a schedule.

Linda Darling-Hammond: “We can’t fire our way to Finland.”

Rod Montgomery==monty@starfief.com

It is likely to be true that some schools have no bad teachers. There may not be many. And there are certainly schools in which the worst teacher is better than the best in some other schools. Having said that, it seems pretty well established that in a great number of schools the simplest and most cost effective improvement is simply to remove the worst 10% and not replace them: simply allocate their pupils to the other classrooms. Performance and morale improve instantly.

I doubt there is a single policy that would work every time and in every place. It is also clear that the current tenure system has produced a disaster, and it is now worse than it was in 1983 when Nobel winner Glenn T. Seaborg declared that “If a foreign power had imposed this system of education on the United States we would rightly consider it an act of war.”

If we are ever to recover we have to do something drastic and soon. My preference would be to return real control to the local boards where the taxes are paid and the kids go to school and get the unions, state departments of education, and the federal DOE completely out of the picture, preferably by letting them go try to find teaching jobs. I would also take a very sharp look at our state colleges of education which do not seem to be producing as good a grade of teachers as the old 2-year Normal schools did.

Look at the number of children who reach 8th grade functionally illiterate and shudder. Now look at the number of bright kids who have not been exposed to as much education as we had in Capleville (2 grades to the room, 4 teachers in the whole school, about 20 pupils to the grade) where we had real reading books with real literature not grade appropriate pabulum. That was in 1942.

clip_image002[1]

Dear Dr. Pournelle:

Count me as agreeing with you about the imperial nature of drone-strike prescription lists. This is not a left-right dispute: Rachel Maddow agrees with you, in fact her show broke the story.

People such as you and I are against it, but Republican senators stand with a Democratic president for it. It’s not a left-right issue; it’s a top-bottom issue.

Sincerely,

Nathaniel Hellerstein

Newt Gingrich gave a talk about this subject on O’Reilly’s show this evening. I might have written it for him. Let me hasten to say I did not. Newt is perfectly capable of writing his own talks and generally does, but this was so far as I could see a spontaneous answer off the top of his head, and yes, he’s that good.

What he said was that we can’t give up this weapon of war in these asymmetric wars; but we must not allow American citizens to be put on execution lists without procedures. “I believe in rule of law,” he said. Just so. We have a new weapon to use in modern war; but it must not be used without rules that neither unduly hamper those who wield it for us, nor trample on constitutional rights. Framing workable rules is not something to be done off the top of one’s head. I do believe we have no business assassinating an American citizen whom we do not have enough evidence to indict for making war against the United States.

clip_image003

Measurement, optimization, etc.

Dr. Pournelle,

The two endpoints of the measurement debate can best be summed up in two of my favorite quotes, one from Lord Kelvin and the other from John von Neumannn

If you can not measure it, you can not improve it. – Kelvin

There’s no sense in being precise when you don’t even know what you’re talking about. – von Neumann

The task is to steer a course between these two – leaning too far towards fanatical measurement or fanatical refusal to measure means ignoring either the strengths or weaknesses of measurement. In my field, software engineering, the 80s and early 90s saw an (over?) emphasis on measurement, not all of which was wrong, but much of which was misplaced. It got to the point where measurement was the goal, not turning out quality products, and the undesireable consequences of treating software developers as cogs in a neo-Taylorist assembly line.

Perhaps the best rueful reflection on this mess was Tom DeMarco’s mea culpa in the July/August issue of IEEE Software: "Software Engineering: An Idea Whose Time Has Come and Gone?" His essential point was that much software measurement is in the (metaphorical) interest of sinking subs, not protecting convoys.

I fear that a premature focus on measurement, before we clearly know what the problem is, will cause us to founder on the von Neumann shoal of ignorance. Certainly No Child Left Behind suffers from this in the realm of K-12 education.

Mike Lutz

All true, and No Child Left Behind is like a bad parody of an education policy.

clip_image002[2]

A small civil war

The fired police officer who is shooting up LA is pro gun control and has nothing but nice things to say about Obama.

http://www.crimefilenews.com/2013/02/fired-lapd-officer-obama-lover-and.html

Carl Taylor

True but possibly not relevant.

You wrote:

<.>

Los Angeles is under a state of siege but it may end soon. We are learning on a very small scale and over a brief period of time something of what the people of Iraq learned during the US occupation. The LA Police are under threat from a terrorist – a former LAPD officer with a grievance – who has already killed the daughter of one former LAPD captain and her fiancé, and has shot three other police officers. He has fired at others. He is a trained sniper.

</>

Los Angeles is not under siege; LAPD is under siege.  It’s not a city problem; it’s a problem within the police departmentd that LAPD has made into a city problem by shooting at a truck that looks like a truck they are interested in.  And this problem gets even worse when they draw their weapons like paranoiacs whenever a vehicle resembles the one they are looking for.

Yes, it is hard to be a cop and I sympathize.  But, that does not give them the right to open fire on vehicles simply because the slow down and look like a vehicle they are looking for.  It does not give them the right to pull out weapons anytime they pull over a vehicle that looks like the one they are looking for.  I also find it hard to believe that nobody bothered to figure out what plate numbers are printed on the back the vehicle the suspect is believed to own.  They have NCIC access and they should be able to get this information through the NCIC or through the DMV. 

Getting shot is a risk of taking the job.  I understood that when I was in the army and, since LAPD seems to think they are a "paramilitary organization" in a "war zone", they need to realize that this is part of the job.  And, that "paramilitary" and "warzone" nonsense came from the mouths of LAPD officers trying to recruit me at an Army post and at a job fair and the mentions came 11 years apart!  And, yes, isn’t it interesting how they can’t respond on time to a 911 call or provide a proper response to riots, but when their people are in danger they pull out all the stops. 

On another note, the mountains were probably the only choice this clown could make.  The city is a death trap.  In the mountains he might have a chance to take out a few more of the people he declared war on and, if nothing else, he’s made them all cold and miserable while they look for him and they’ll certainly be tired.  Trudging around in the mountains for hours on end is not fun.  It’s worse when you’re wet, it’s worse when you’re cold, and it’s hideous when you’re wet, cold, and tired.  I wouldn’t be surprised if this guy shoots himself when he thinks they’re going to get him.  I don’t think he really believes he’ll escape unless he’s gone insane. 

—–

Most Respectfully,

Joshua Jordan, KSC

Percussa Resurgo

Actually in asymmetric warfare cities are often a good place to be, depending of course on how many friends and contacts you have. In Mao’s view the people are the sea that guerilla warriors swim in. I do not think this chap has that kind of popular support. As of now it is known he was in the mountains, but it is not known if he is still there. Morning may find him frozen to death, or he may have long since left the mountains. His manifesto makes it clear that he does not expect to survive but I do not think he believes in suicide.

[Morning: we have no new information but there is a rumor that he has been seen in a new vehicle. The mountain search continues. All LAPD officers are on tactical alert. The Mayor of Big Bear says there is reason to believe he is no longer in the area. The San Bernardino Sheriff confirms that. There are 200 unoccupied cabins in the area and each one is being checked. The Sheriff says there is no information to suggest that he is any threat to the ski resorts. Stay tuned.]

cop killer, more to the story

http://pjmedia.com/tatler/2013/02/07/suspected-la-cop-killer-posted-pro-obama-pro-gun-control-leftist-rant-on-the-web/

Phil

I have not watched that video. Apologies. The story continues to break. I doubt anyone has much real information.

clip_image002[3]

Subject: Staffing Obamacare

Here is just one of many posts and news stories recently that discuss how many jobs must be funded to implement Obamacare. California alone will have to hire 21,000 people to help the presently uninsured decide on their coming health care insurance. No one has an estimate on how much all these helper jobs will cost us.

http://www.patheos.com/blogs/geneveith/2013/02/staffing-the-obamacare-bureaucracy/

Dwayne Phillips

clip_image002[4]

‘Our current American problems are attributable to the overnationalization of Madison’s 18th Century theory combined with the cross-fertilization of 19th Century theory: redistributive Marxism.’

<http://www.americanthinker.com/2013/02/a_workable_republic.html>

Roland Dobbins

clip_image002[5]

A terror bird on a coin

I thought this was cool and that you might enjoy it. Made me think of the Burning Tower

http://io9.com/5982405/new-canadian-coin-features-the-incredibly-badass-quetzalcoatlus–and-it-glows-in-the-dark

New Canadian coin features the incredibly badass Quetzalcoatlus — and it glows in the dark

As part of its ‘Prehistoric Creatures’ series, the Royal Canadian Mint is releasing a super neat new quarter featuring the awkwardly majestic Quetzalcoatlus — a pterosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous of North America about 65 million years ago. A particularly cool feature of the coin is that it glows in the dark; when the lights are out, the intricate skeletal outline of the winged beast can be seen.

Mike Plaster

Thanks. We had fun with that book. I consider Burning Tower one of our best novels.

clip_image003[1]

Especially for the young

Not just the young. This should be printed on 2 x 4’s and distributed therapeutically in the appropriate manner to (almost) every unionized teacher.

Fwd: Founder’s Quote Daily

"Without wishing to damp the ardor of curiosity or influence the freedom of inquiry, I will hazard a prediction that, after the most industrious and impartial researchers, the longest liver of you all will find no principles, institutions or systems of education more fit in general to be transmitted to your posterity than those you have received from your ancestors." –John Adams, letter to the young men of Philadelphia, 1798

clip_image002[8]

do you remember the language of FORTH?

i’ve been wondering if you ever dabbled in the forth language? if you have, how was it, and, do you still?

thanks.

dinkum

FORTH was once a major contender and I presume there are still FORTH Interest Groups. It is a language that was once used a lot to control astronomical equipment. One builds programs in a series of subroutines and the final master program often is very short. It is very efficient but does no type checking and is often difficult to debug. I haven’t thought about FORTH in a decade.

clip_image002[9]

“ICE immigration agents have been instructed to accept the illegal alien’s claim as to whether he or she graduated or is attending high school or college or otherwise qualifies for DACA.”

<http://washingtonexaminer.com/immigration-law-enforcement-union-boss-obama-doesnt-care-if-we-die/article/2520663>

Roland Dobbins

clip_image002[10]

: Flying Southwest?

Jerry

Hope to get this guy for your next Southwest flight:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68pSH1sWzOU

Ed

He’s good all right.

clip_image002[11]

The IRS Sent Back My 2012 Tax Return

I just received my tax return for 2012 back from the IRS. It puzzles me! They are questioning how many dependents I claimed. I guess it was because of my response to: "List all dependents." I listed 12 million illegal immigrants; 3 million crack heads; 42 million unemployed people on food stamps, 2 million people in over 243 prisons; half of Mexico; and 535 persons in the U.S. House and Senate. Evidently, this was NOT an acceptable answer.

I keep asking myself, "Who the hell did I miss?"

clip_image002[12]

clip_image002[13]

clip_image005

clip_image002[14]

Measurements, inputs, and outputs. And a small civil war.

View 761 Thursday, February 07, 2013

clip_image002

Bill Gates’ Measurements

I read a description of Gates’ ideas in the Wall Street Journal. Assuming the Journal quoted him correctly, much of what he wants to "measure" consists of inputs rather than outputs. Counting the number of vaccinations is measuring an input. What really matters is the reduction in illness. That’s an output, and is the thing which should be measured. All too often people assume a connection between an input and some desired output, and then measure the input. That’s a measure of effort, not a measure of results. During the Vietnam War the Air Force used to measure effort like number of sorties and tons of bombs dropped, not what effect it had on the enemy. This attention to measures of effort rather than measures of results seems to prevail throughout government.

Joseph P. Martino

I once had this conversation with Bill Gates, back about the time he had the first big conference on the CD-ROM, so I think he understands the difference, but I agree that the Wall Street Journal article doesn’t make that very clear. A better example is measuring the effectiveness of schools by the amount of money spent per pupil: nearly everyone knows that throwing money into a school system seldom improves it, and often by rewarding existing (bad) practices has the opposite effect from improving education. So has it been in the past, and so shall it be in future. Numerous studies have confirmed that. Neither more money nor smaller classes are reliable means of improving education.

The first and most important problem in public education is to understand what the goal is. It may be that the best way to do that is to ask why someone without children should pay for the education of other people’s children. Education is not a Constitutional right or entitlement, and even the aggressive federal courts don’t assert that.

The usual argument in favor of compulsory education is that an educated electorate is necessary to the health of a republic. A secondary one is that an educated public is a good investment since it promotes economic growth and a wealthier nation.

You will note that the militant egalitarianism that insists that education is an entitlement and everyone is entitled not only to an education but the same education as anyone else gets does not in fact promote the goals stated in the above paragraph and often makes achieving them impossible. It may be very good for a 15 year old retarded girl to be mainstreamed and kept in age appropriate classes, but it is demonstrably a heavy tax on the other students, who get fewer teacher resources – and this assumes that there are no order and behavior problems, which always absorb teacher and learning time without much positive return. When entitlement rights get involved in education, the educational results generally are worse, and often are far worse. Of course some will argue that it is good for the children of normal and above normal intelligence to be exposed to the sub-normal because there is something inherently good about Diversity, but there don’t seem to be any valid studies showing that you learn algebra better if your class includes someone who never will learn it.

It should be clear that mere exposure to high quality education does not inevitably produce positive results. Actually, trying to teach a high level of understanding to a class that includes low intelligence students is a grueling task, and impossible for all but the best teachers. Yet that is what we seem to be insisting on.

Counting input as a measure of output can be useful if you know the relationship between the input and the output, which is to say, if you have an accurate and testable and tested theory. But in education we don’t generally have that.

And yet. Just about every study yet conducted finds that simply eliminating the worst 10% of teachers in a school – chosen by almost any rational common sense definition of ‘worst’ – results in a great rise in ‘output’ under nearly any rational definition of educational success. I put it that way because many of the studies aren’t meticulous; they’re case histories and observations, not carefully designed experiments.

More another time.

I will note that the main requirement for getting an education is the ability to read. An astonishing number of children reach fourth grade unable to read.  They pass the tests for ‘reading at grade level’ but the ‘grade level’ is itself a clue.  If you can only read ‘at grade level’ then you can’t read.  There’s a simple test. If your fourth grade child has any trouble at all with “big words’ like Constantinople and Timbuktu, or polyethylene, it is likely he can’t read.  That is:  if he can read he can ‘sound out’ those words, and he is likely to have heard them before.  Of course if you can read you can also read words you have never heard before like diethyltrinitroethylene, but you will have trouble with the word, because never having heard it before you not only have to sound it out but get past some ambiguities of pronunciation.  And you certainly won’t know what it means since it’s not a real word.  But you can read it.

For more on this go to Mrs. Pournelle’s reading program, which you can find under The Literacy Connection. http://www.readingtlc.com/

clip_image002[1]

Los Angeles is under a state of siege but it may end soon. We are learning on a very small scale and over a brief period of time something of what the people of Iraq learned during the US occupation. The LA Police are under threat from a terrorist – a former LAPD officer with a grievance – who has already killed the daughter of one former LAPD captain and her fiancé, and has shot three other police officers. He has fired at others. He is a trained sniper.

As a result LAPD officers on protective detail guarding someone believed to be a potential victim of the former policeman turned terrorist fired without warning at two elderly Asian women in a pickup truck resembling the truck believed to be owned by the suspect. They slowed down in front of the house, and they were driving a pickup truck resembling that of the terrorist, and the police opened fire wounding both of the women – who were delivering newspapers including to the house under watch.

Other news reports are that police are questioning traffic stop suspects with drawn weapons.

We now know how people in occupied territories feel although in our case it won’t last long.

Now of course the police (or the US soldiers in Iraq) are concerned and want to protect themselves. They are afraid. They are nervous. They are targets, and specifically targeted by the terrorist – as were the soldiers in Iraq.

The news says that a truck resembling that wanted is on fire high in the mountains. No one knows how it got there or whether it is really the truck. More later. Meanwhile, we enjoy a tiny taste of Civil War in Los Angeles County although only one armed man has declared war on the authorities here. Interestingly the response has been to turn out every officer, without regard to cost or overtime obligations or much else. A bigger response than to riots in which shopkeepers were beaten, burned out, or even killed. He rioters didn’t declare war. They merely burned out stores and shops and looted anything in sight. But this chap declared war on the police.

I am not as unsympathetic to the police as the above may seem; but there are some obvious inferences here. One does not protect a population by putting one’s personal safety first.  That’s a harsh truth, but good cops have always known it.

With luck the chap has been driven to ground in the snow topped mountains above LA and this will end. The skies above Big Bear are filled with aircraft (it’s pretty high for helicopters so fixed wing craft are up there too) and hundreds – literally hundreds – of police, sheriff, Highway Patrol, FBI, BATF, and other vehicles. SWAT teams cover every crossroad. K9 units are on the way. Thousands of police. To hunt down one man who declared war on the police.  I suspect that petty criminals all over the county are rejoicing and smart ones make hay while the sun shines, but I may be presuming too much intelligence on their part.

In any even our terrorist is supposed to be up there in the mountains. Of course that would be a rather stupid thing for him to have done to himself, but when you are one man it is difficult to conduct a civil war.

It’s lunch time.

clip_image002[2]

clip_image002[3]

clip_image002[4]

clip_image002[5]

clip_image002[6]

clip_image004

clip_image002[7]